Can Ethanol Fuel-Cell Vehicles Be Carbon-Negative? Yes in Principle, Roughly 20–40 g CO2e/MJ, But Only Heavy-Duty and Marine Duty Justifies Onboard Capture
Yes, in heavy-duty and marine use: onboard capture nets roughly 20–40 g CO2e/MJ. For fleets, no system or CO2 offloading exists yet.